Finance is a broad term encompassing many things about the study, creation, management, and allocation of funds. All money-related activities are considered as part of finance. Finance is the art and science of getting, using, making, saving, investing, and spending of money. It is an area of research and also a discipline of practical activities concerning the movement of monetary instruments such as money, securities, and banks. There are different parts of the field of finance.
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Accounting is the first part of finance. The process of accounting includes the recording of financial transactions in an organized manner. Financial accounting deals with preparing the reports required by the governments and other organizations for decision-making purposes. Some of the activities in accounting include the following: valuing the assets, liabilities, and value of stocks and bonds, creating financial plans, analyzing the performance of the financial plan, and budgeting. There are many finance careers associated with the areas of accounting.
Another area of accounting is financial reporting. The purpose of financial reporting is to provide information about financial activities to a range of people interested in it. The reports include information about trading, working capital, income, expenses, and balance sheet analysis. Some of the activities in financial reporting include: financial planning, investing, management, forecasting, insurance, banks, mortgage banking, public trading, securities trading, and international banking. There are many finance jobs in the financial markets related to these various areas.
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The principles underlying accounting and financial reporting are the same. People involved in the fields of accounting and financial reporting perform similar functions but each have its own specific requirements. For example, in accounting there are accountants, auditors, analysts, and internal auditors. In addition, there are separate departments for corporate finance, asset management, financing, risk management, royalty management, public accounting, internal auditing, government accounting, and tax preparation.
Finance is divided into two main categories: economics and business economics. Economics refers to the behavior of the market and is usually descriptive of the individual investor. Business economics, on the other hand, deals with the business decisions made by corporations as a whole. While most individuals’ understanding of the concepts of economics and business economics are quite limited, there are finance jobs available in the area of accounting vs business economics.
One of the main functions of corporate finance is the planning and organization of resources. It includes the issue of raising, managing, and spending money. Many businesses function through corporate finance. Examples of large corporations that engage in corporate finance are insurance companies, real estate firms, banking, financial corporations, oil refineries, and corporations that manufacture transportation equipment. Smaller companies may engage in corporate finance by borrowing money or investing in certain projects. A wide variety of institutions are involved in the practice of corporate finance including government organizations, private lending institutions, and civic groups.
